sunarma.net

june 17

Process is to select the ingredients and levels. Aim to combine to create a mixture that is:
- pelletable
- palatable
- nutritious
- inexpensive
- easy to store / ship / use

Calculation methods
Simultaneous Equations
- to solve simple feed formulations once ingredients have been chosen

Linear programming (least-cost feed)
- to solve complicated feed formulations
- computer must have access to data on (nutrient content of each ingredient / price / levels allowed etc.)

Excel / Spread-sheet
- DIY (Do It Yourself)

Simultaneous Equations
- Plan the nutrient levels desired in the feed
- Choose ingredients and to list the protein and DE
- List the ingredients which will be used at fixed levels and calculate the contribution of each one to the total desired levels of protein and DE
- Calculate the formula by using SE

recapped from P.Kosutharak

juragan@9300i.bkk

june 16

Objective of the role is to ensure that the feed milling companies comply with feed quality control of THAI ACT (Animal Feed QC 1982 and additional 1999) and international standards.

The same general principles of “Food Safety” have been applied to “Feed Safety” into Thai commercial feed milling companies. Department of Fisheries, Thailand, (DOF) has been taking charge of the law and regulations (only Aquafeed) since 1992. By this role, feed manufacturers must register and get the licenses.

At present, DOF control 8 Aquafeed:
1. Catfish
2. Freshwater fish (Herbivorous)
3. Freshwater prawn
4. Marine shrimp
5. Marine fish (Carnivorous)
6. Freshwater fish (Carnivorous)
7. Soft shell turtle
8. Frog

DOF inspect and issue the certificates as follow:
- Certificate of Free Sale
- Certificate Formula
- Certificate of Analysis
- Certificate of Origin
- Certificate of Health
- Certificate of Feed milling / GMP / HACCP

Regular checks and monitoring as follow:
- Proximates (protein, fat, fiber, moisture)
- Salmonella spp.
- Aflatoxins
- Antibiotics

Screening Test for Antibiotics use test kits for detection of 8 drugs (colorimetric assay):
- 5 of Nitrofurans group (Nitrofurazone, Furazolidone, Furaltadone, Nitrovin, Nitrofurantoin )
- Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline,
- Chloramphenicol
However, confirmation method is needed for the positive result. (HPLC, LC-MS-MS)

recapped from P.Kosutharak

juragan@9300i.bkk

june 13

Genetic improvement on Tilapia in Thailand has been carried out and produced at least 5 strains, i.e.:
1. Thai-Chitrada 1
This species are from genetic improvement which grow faster than the original species
2. Thai-Chitrada 2
This species are from genetic modification which will produce only male
3. Chitrada 3 “GIFT” Strain (Genetically Improve Farm Tilapia)
Come from selected 25 group for base population using combined selection
4. Red Tilapian
Hybrid between Tilapia mossambica and Nile Tilapia, can spawn in freshwater, brackish and sea water
5. Tap Tim Tilapia
Improved species was developed /produced by CP Company

Dominance of each species, including:
Shape: Jirada1 has similar to normal tilapia, Jirada2 has small head and long body, and Jirada3 has Small head, thick and wide body
Production: Jirada1 higher than normal tilapia 22%, Jirada2 Higher than normal tilapia 45%, and Jirada3 higher than normal tilapia 40%
Survival rate: Jirada1 Higher than normal tilapia 10%, Jirada2 higher than normal tilapia 35%, and Jirada3 higher than normal tilapia 24%.

Recapped from N.Siputtinipon

juragan@9300i.bkk