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when we practice about fish breeding, we learn how to identifying and selecting of fish gonad maturity. the best technique for this kind based on nucleus migration. egg should be taken using intra ovarian biopsy by canulator or flexible tube. after immersed in serra/clearing solution for 3-5 minutes, nucleus migration could be observed under microscope. usually, nucleus position uniformity of 80% used as reference for gonad maturity judgment.

other way, we might measure eggs diameter under microscope completed with micrometer. compared to eggs diameter standard (different in each species), we could to determine of gonad maturity.

in the field practice, serra solution and microscope often un-available. So, we couldn’t use both nucleus migration and measured eggs diameter. in the point of view aquaculture dissemination to small scale fisherfolk, it’s important to introduce of practical method to judgment of gonad maturity which representative for fish breeding.

using flexible tube (feeding tube that available for human), eggs might be taken by intra ovarian biopsy. it’s easy but should be carefull. instead observed under microscope, eggs spread on hand and estimate of eggs diameter uniformity, direct visually (fortunately, most of tropical people have dark color in hand, so easier to observe eggs).

if most eggs (about 80%) seen uniform (independent from how width eggs diameter), gonad has be mature and ready to breed. if there are transparant eggs (estimate up to 20%), gonad has be over-ripe. and if there are too many small eggs (estimate up to 20%), gonad has been growing. brooder with over-ripe or growing eggs should not be used for breeding. in the case of over-ripe, usually easy to strip for eggs release but low in fertilization/hatching rate. and growing eggs, usually failure in eggs discharge or, if released, low in fertilization hatching rate.

note: thanks to aquaculture officer in Fish Seed Center of Gorontalo Province that warmly collaborate to practice of siamese catfish breeding. good luck to you!

juragan@9300i.gto

We should to know why our fish died. There’re several reason that caused fish died: handling, environment or pathogenic organism.

Handling; Improperly on harvesting, packaging, transporting or acclimatizing could to cause fish health disrupted or even died. Usually on early time of fish stocking in new pond (e.g 1-2 weeks after stocking).  As a solution, we should to paid better attention on handling or, if have been happened, we should to maintain of better water quality (e.g adjustment of proper temperature and salting).

Environment; Unfavorable pond management lead to worse water quality, e.g uncontrolled feeding without proper water exchange. The easiest way is new water flow through.

Pathogenic organism (disease); It’s important to go to laboratory for identification: fungal, parasitic, bacterial or viral. But simply, in my experience in tropical aquaculture, water warming and salting is a better way to maintain fish health state, before we get correct identification from laboratory. Just remember, correct medication depend on disease maker.

Pemijahan ikan patin (Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, sebelumnya Pangasius hypopthalmus atau Pangasius sutcii) masih dilakukan secara buatan yaitu melalui pemberian rangsangan hormon untuk proses pematangan akhir gonad dan ovulasi telur, pengeluaran telur dilakukan dengan cara pengurutan (stripping) dan pembuahan dilakukan secara kering dengan mencampur sperma dan telur. Larva hasil penetasan telur kemudian dideder di akuarium atau bak selama 2 – 3 minggu sebelum kemudian dikirim ke daerah lain untuk kegiatan pendederan dan pembesaran. Dengan biaya transportasi udara yang relatif murah, pengiriman benih ke luar Pulau Jawa nampaknya masih dipandang menguntungkan secara ekonomi sehingga proses ini masih banyak berjalan. Namun demikian, bila lokasi kegiatan pemijahan dapat dilakukan lebih dekat dengan kegiatan pendedean dan pembesaran, pengembangan budidaya ikan ini akan lebih prospektif dan dapat meningkatkan tingkat efisiensi usaha. Hal ini dapat dilakukan juga mengingat teknik pembenihan, terutama pemijahan dan pendederan awal larva, sudah dipandang mantap dan dapat diaplikasikan di masyarakat.

Panduan singkat ini disusun untuk dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai persyaratan dan prosedur teknis pembenihan ikan patin. Panduan ini dibuat sedemikian rupa untuk dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para pelaku budidaya ikan patin yang ingin membangun dan menjalankan suatu panti benih (hatchery).

1. Persyaratan

• Sumber Air
• Lokasi
• Peralatan Perikanan
• Bahan
• Wadah
• Panti Benih

2. Prosedur Teknis

• Pengelolaan Induk
• Seleksi Induk
• Pemijahan
• Penetasan Telur
• Pemeliharaan Larva dan Benih

3. Lampiran

• Prakiraan Jumlah dan Harga Bahan dan Alat
• Rancangan Bentuk Wadah pada Panti Benih
• Rancangan Bangunan dan Tata Letak Wadah

Artikel lengkap, Panduan Pembenihan Ikan Patin (pdf file)